Your dashboards are green but users are complaining. Monitoring tells you something is wrong—observability helps you understand why.
Metrics show what's happening. Logs show what exactly happened. Traces show how it happened across services. Three resolutions of the same system—knowing when to reach for each one is the difference between debugging and guessing.
The four metrics that matter when everything else is noise: latency, traffic, errors, and saturation tell you whether your service is healthy—and which one tells you about the future.
RED tracks the three things users actually care about: Is it working? Is it fast? Is it keeping up? Rate, Errors, and Duration translate user frustration into numbers you can fix.
The USE Method asks three questions of every system resource: Is it busy? Is it drowning? Is it dying? Utilization, Saturation, and Errors reveal infrastructure bottlenecks that service metrics miss.
Distributed systems scatter their memories across dozens of machines—some already dead. Log aggregation collects those memories into one searchable place before they vanish.
How time-series databases handle the relentless tide of timestamped metrics that would overwhelm traditional databases—and why cardinality is the hidden trap that can bring them down.
A trace answers the one question logs and metrics can't: what exactly happened to this specific request as it bounced between services?
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