The single front door that stands between your clients and your chaos of microservices—handling authentication, routing, rate limiting, and the hundred other things you don't want to implement twice.
Events are facts about what happened—immutable, undeniable. When systems communicate through facts rather than commands, everything changes: coupling dissolves, scalability emerges, and failures become recoverable.
Message queues and pub/sub solve a fundamental problem: components that can't always talk to each other directly. One delivers work to exactly one consumer. The other broadcasts to everyone who cares. Knowing which to use shapes how your system handles failure, load, and change.
When you break an application into microservices, every internal function call becomes a network request. This changes everything about how you handle discovery, security, latency, and failure.
NFV replaces specialized network hardware with software on ordinary servers—trading the certainty of purpose-built appliances for the flexibility of code that can become anything.
How service mesh moves the hard parts of microservices communication—security, observability, reliability—out of your code and into infrastructure that handles it transparently.
SDN moves the brain of your network from scattered across every device to a single controller that sees everything—transforming network management from hope-based to programmatic.
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