Every conversation assumes you're talking directly to the other person. Man-in-the-middle attacks exploit that assumption, positioning an invisible third party between you and everyone you trust.
DDoS attacks weaponize the Internet's own infrastructure against you—and the economics favor the attacker. Learn how these attacks work and why defending against them requires rethinking your entire approach to availability.
Every DDoS attack exploits the same asymmetry: it costs more to process something than to send it. Understanding the different ways attackers find this asymmetry—at the network, protocol, and application layers—reveals how to defend against them.
SYN floods exploit a moment of good faith in TCP's handshake—the server commits resources before verifying the client exists. Attackers send floods of fake requests, filling connection tables with ghosts that never arrive.
Attackers send small DNS queries that trigger massive responses—but spoof the victim's address as the sender. The DNS servers, doing exactly what they're supposed to do, bury the victim in traffic they never requested.
IP spoofing exploits a fundamental design choice: the Internet believes you are who you say you are. Learn how attackers forge source addresses to amplify attacks, hide their identity, and why we still can't fully stop them.
ARP has no concept of lying. When your computer asks 'who has this IP address?' it believes whoever answers. ARP spoofing exploits this trust to intercept traffic on local networks.
Social engineering exploits the same human qualities that make organizations work—trust, helpfulness, and respect for authority. You can't patch kindness.
Ransomware attacks follow a predictable timeline: breach, spread, steal, encrypt. Network security's job is to break that chain before the damage is done.
Port scanning is how attackers discover what's listening before they attack. Understanding the techniques reveals both the logic of reconnaissance and how to defend against it.
Your voice can be cloned from a three-second audio clip. Here's how attackers weaponize synthetic voices, why voice authentication is dangerously obsolete, and how to protect yourself when you can no longer trust what you hear.
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