Why your internal dashboard can show all green while users see errors—and why external checks can report success while your backend burns.
Push monitoring announces 'I'm here.' Pull monitoring asks 'Are you there?' That simple difference determines which architecture fits your infrastructure.
Passive monitoring watches what's happening. Active monitoring tests what could happen. Understanding when to witness versus when to investigate determines whether you find problems before or after your users do.
Black-box monitoring tells you what's broken from the user's perspective. White-box monitoring tells you why it's broken from the inside. You need both.
The choice between agent and agentless monitoring comes down to where you place your trust: software on the inside reporting out, or observation from the outside looking in.
When scheduled jobs fail silently, no one complains—until disaster strikes. Heartbeat monitoring inverts the usual relationship: instead of asking systems if they're alive, you wait for them to prove it.
Synthetic monitoring sends controlled probes to test your application. Real User Monitoring listens to what actual users experience. One catches the 3 AM outage; the other tells you nobody noticed.
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